Definition : a noun phrase is a meaningful
series of words in which the noun serves as the head of the phrase.
Constituent ( head + modifier )
Head : noun/pronoun
Modifier :
A. Determiner
1. Article
a. A/an
·
Precedes a singular indefinite noun
·
Precedes a singular generic noun
·
Replaces “one/per” in a fraction
b. The
·
Precedes a singular, plural, uncountable
definite noun
·
Precedes an ordinal number
·
Precedes a superlative form
2. Demonstrative
adjective
a. Close
to the speaker :
·
For singular or uncountable : this
·
For plural : these
b. Far
from the speaker
·
For singular or uncountable : that
·
For plural : those
3. Possessive
a. Possessive
adjective :
My,
your, our, her, his, its, their
b. Possessive
noun/noun phrase :
Noun/
noun phrase + ‘s
4. Numerical
adjective
a. Cardinal
number
One,
two, three, four, etc
b. Ordinal
number :
First,
second, third, fourth, etc
5. Indefinite
quantifier
a. For
singular :
Each,
every, another, either, neither
b. For
plural :
Both,
several, a couple of, a number of, many, other,(a) few, fewer
c. For
singular/uncountable :
The
other
d. For
uncountable :
Much,
a deal of, an amount of, (a) little, less
e. For
plural/uncountable :
A
lot of, lots of, plenty of, more, most, enough
f. For
singular/uncountable/plural :
Some,
any, no
6. Interrogartive
adjective
a. Whose
(asking possesion)
b. Which
(asking choice)
c. What
(asking kind of thing)
7. Exclamatory
adjective
a. What
b. Such
B. Modifier
(pre modifier “ modifier before head)
1. Adjective
denoting general description :
a. Character
: smarst, lazy, intelligent, etc.
b. Quality/opinion
: good,interisting, nice, etc.
2. Adjective
denoting physical description :
a. Size
: big, large, small, etc.
b. Shape
: round, rectangular,etc.
c. Compound
adjective :
·
Adjective + noun + ed : white-skinned
·
Cardinal number + noun + ed :
four-legged
·
Noun + noun + ed : rainbow-colored
·
Adverb + present participle : fast
moving
·
Adverb + past participle : perfectly
drawn
d. Age
: young, old, new, etc
e. Temperature
: hot, clod, warm, etc
f. Color
: red, blue, yellow, etc
3. Proper
adjective
a. Denoting
religion : islamic, christian, etc
b. Denoting
nationality : indonesian, japanase, etc
c. Denoting
ethnic : javanese, sundanese, etc
4. Adjunct
of material : plastic, wooden, metal, etc
5. Gerund
: swimming, waiting, etc
Past modifier (modifier
after head)
1. Adjective
:
a. After
indefinitie pronoun : someone, nothing, etc
b. After
head denoting age or measurement : years, feet, etc
2. Adjective
phrase :
a. After
indefinitie pronoun : someone, nothing, etc
b. After
adjective with bound preposition : eligble for, afraid of, native to, etc
3. Noun/noun
phrase as appositive :
a. Restrictive
·
Without commas
·
After proper of definite noun
b. Non
restrictive
·
With commas
·
After generic or indefinite noun
4. Prepositional
phrase
a. With
bound preposition
b. With
free preposition
5. Adjective
clause :
a. Restrictive
:
·
Without commas
·
Conjunction “that” is permitted
·
Omission of relative pronoun object or
relative adverb is permitted
b. Non
restrictive :
·
With commas
·
Conjunction “that” is permitted
·
Omission of relative pronoun object or
relative adverb is not permitted
6. Verbal
construction :
a. Present
participle phrase (ving) : active meaning
b. Past
participle phrase (v3) : passive meaning
c. To
infinitive phrase :
·
After noun modified by ordinal number
·
After noun modified by superlative
adjective
·
After certain noun, such as ability,
decision, failure, ambition, etc
7. Noun
clause as appositive after certain noun, such as news, fact, truth, issue,
gossip, etc
Word
order
1. Determiner
+ head
Example
: the car
determiner head
2. Modifier
+ head
Example
: red car
modifier head
3. Determiner
+ modifier + head
Example
: the red car
determiner modifier head
4. Head
+ modifier
Example
: the car in front of the building
determiner head modifier
5. Determiner
+ modifier + head + modifier
Example
: the red car in front of the building
determiner modifier head
modifier
Function :
1. In
sentence
a. As
subject
b. As
complement of subject
c. As
direct object
d. As
indirect of object
e. As
complement of object
f. As
adverb (special function) :
·
Adverb of time
·
Adverb of frequency
2. In
phrase
a. Innoun
phrase
·
As premodifier (adjunct)
·
As post modifier (appositive)
b. In
prepositional phrase
·
As object of preposition
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